chunk 77: how to plan the study of the rules chunk 77: how to plan the study of the rules
how to plan the study of the rules
word building overview
how to use inria reader for parsing nouns
how to use the inria reader
How to build nouns.
Explanation of labels.
What's a derivation.
Who was
How the rules build nouns.
How the rules build verbs.
(howtoplanthestudyofthe) (howp)
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English grammars are written in books with the assumption that you will keep the book on a shelf and reread parts of it when you need to. So you have an index to help you find the part you need.
The
Another big difference is that in Western grammars there is an order. You are supposed to study chapter one first, then after you master it you know enough to start looking at chapter 2. When writing chapter 2 the author assumes that the reader has masterd chapter one already. So things go gradually from simple to complex.
In the
So, in what order should the rules be learnt? Basically, every teacher chooses its own. This MUST be so. The grammar was never intended to be something that students study on their own, by reading a book. In fact, as far as we know, it is perfectly possible that when the grammar was devised, no books where used at all in teaching. All education was mouth to mouth.
We can compare this with the way of teaching of the first universities in the Western world, starting at the eleventh century AD. If you read the study plans from that age they say things like "in the first year, Euclid's book will be read". This means that the professor would sit in his cathedra (seat) with the book and read it very slowly. (BTW this is why the lectures are called lectures; lecture is Latin for "a reading".) The students meanwhile would copy all that the professor said. This way of studying wa made possible by the introduction of paper into Europe; before the eleventh century, writing was done on parchment, that is made from sheepskin -- an expensive material that students could not afford. Later at home the students would reread their copy and meditate on its meaning.
Indian higher education never worked like that. Indians have always thought that oral instruction is inherently superior to leraning from books. The Western was mass production -- it allowed a hundred students to copy in the same classroom. But the Indian ideal has always been more near individualized teaching.
In fact grammar was seldom taught as grammar. Mostly teachers focused on teaching the veda, or poems, and they mentioned a grammar rules only when it helped with the passage currently studied.
A good example of a rule intended to be used that way is rule ze. When teaching the line
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(wordbuildingoverview) (wordb)
(howtouseinriareaderfor) (howusein)
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obsolete, see how to disassemble nouns using inria reader
(howtousetheinriareader) (howuseie)
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If you hear in a verse something like
The colorful boxes there says that the machine suspects that
More examples for practice --
Here are the correct solutions --
This inria reader thing is a complicated tool, designed from the start to be used by college students that have been good and have read the manual and done their homework. So, learn to not despair with its quirks. It saves a lot of time.
QRAQRAQRA
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QRA QRA QRA
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Nouns are always built by taking a nounbase, attaching a feminine affix to it if necessary, then adding a sup affix. Examples --
When we say "lightning is yellow", we make a word by attaching su after the feminine nounbase
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My colleague at learnsanskrit dot org came up with a good comparison for labels. He says a grammar label is a bit like the label in a jacket you buy at a store. After you buy the jacket you no longer need the label, so you strip it off. Yet that does not mean that the label is useless. The clerk at a store needs the label to store the jacket in the proper place, to remember the price, and so on.
Grammar labels are sort of the same thing. A word like
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A derivation is a list of the rules that work when building a word or sentence from smaller pieces.
Example. Imagine you want to say "
The proper " derivation" of
This shows that vartamAnelaT worked first, lasya afterwards, then tudAdibhyaHzaH.
However, that line is not a COMPLETE derivation, because many more rules have worked there and have not been mentioned. For instance, according to some rule, not mentioned in that list, the tip affix was chosen because the doer is third person and singular. Also, we used rule laHkarmaNi, that tells us that in this situation we can replace the laT either with tip or with jha.
I do not use complete derivations in this website because they are too long, and confusing for the student. And also because there is no way I can figure out ALL the rules I have used. So in practice I will only show SOME of the rules that have been applied, like here --
And in fact, in this case, it is not necessary to have the first arrow link to rule tudAdi, because anyone that doesn't know where the za is coming from will click the za, and that will take them to rule tudAdi anyway. So this is enough --
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It is said that Homer, the Greek poet, was blind, and that he was born here or there, and that he lived in this or that century, but all of that is mostly hearsay. The word "Homer" is actually short for "whoever composed the Iliad and the Odyssey".
The same works for Mr.
There is a big legend about
But there is one of these legends that I consider fake and harmful. So, be warned that --
(howtherulesbuildnouns) (howrulen)
(howtherulesbuildverbs) (howrulev)
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we stop here because no more rules can apply.
chunk 77: how to plan the study of the rules