72009 /iT rules ←

chunk 40: 72087 rules for /yuSmad- /asmad-

→ 72114 replacements before soft

72087 before second. dvitIyAyAJca
72088 First dual in the laukika. prathamAyAzcadvivacanebhASAyAm
72089 y before vowel . yoci
72090 Otherwise to lopa. zeSelopaH
72092 yuva Ava when meaning two. yuvAvaudvivacane
72093 yUya vaya before jas. yUyavayaujasi
72094 Before su, tva aha tvAhausau
72095 tubhya mahya before Ge. tubhyamahyauGayi
72096 tava mama before Gas. tavamamauGasi
72097 Otherwise tva ma when meaning one person. tvamAvekavacane
72098 Before affix or latter . pratyayottarapadayozca
72099 Feminine tri- catur- to tisR catasR tricaturosstriyAntisRcatasR
72100 R of tisR catasR to r before vowel aciraRtaH
72102 tyadAdi to a . tyadAdInAmaH
72103 kim- to ka- kimaHkaH
72104 to ku before t h. kutihoH
72105 kva before a. kvAti
72106 Nonfinal t d to s before su. tadossassAvanantyayoH
72107 adas- to au , and trash the su. adasaausulopazca
72108 idam- to m . idamomaH
72109 d . dazca
72110 y before su. yassau
72111 id to ay when masculine. idoypuMsi
72112 idam- to ana before TA os, provided there's no k. anApyakaH
72113 Delete the na otherwise. halilopaH




(dvitIyAyA) (!dvitIyAy)

dvitIyAyAM ca PANINIRULES 72087
( yuSmad- asmad- to A) before second.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 863

Before the second affixes am au zas, we replace yuSmad- asmad- with A. There are exactly six examples --

yuSmad- + am Geprathama yuSmad- + am → * yuSma + A + am tva;mAvekavacane tva + a + A + am → .. → tvAm "you"

asmad- + am Geprathama asmad- + am → * asma + A + am tva;mAvekavacane ma + a + A + am → .. → mAm "me"

yuSmad- + @second au Geprathama yuSmad- + am → * yuSma + A + am akassa yuSmA + am yuvAvaudvivacane yuvA + am amipUrvaH yuvAm "the two of you"

asmad- + au → .. → AvAm "the two of us" ( same steps )

yuSmad- + zas zasona yuSmad- + n → * yuSma + A + n akassa yuSmAn "y'all"

asmad- + zas → .. → asmAn "us" ( same steps )

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

KAZIKA dvitIyAyAM ca parataH yuSmad-asmadoH AkArAdezo bhavati. tvAm. mAm. yuvAm. AvAm. yuSmAn. asmAn. AdezArthaM vacanam.

This rule is necessary because yuSmadasmadoranAdeze cannot work on the am that replaced au or the n that replaced zas.

Notice that this rule does not work on first au, only on second au. Before first au, we say yuvAm and AvAm anyway, but they are made by yuvAvaudvivacane and prathamAyAzca instead. This apparent complication allows the veda to have yuvam for yuvAm.

617 letters. -- 72D.bse 2 -- popularity 5

1184 /yuSmad- /asmad- with @second.




(prathamAyA) (!prathamA)

prathamAyAz ca dvivacane bhASAyAm PANINIRULES 72088
first dual ( yuSmad- asmad- to A) in the laukika.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 864

Two examples only --

yuSmad- + @first au → .. → yuvAm "the two of you"

asmad- + @first au → .. → AvAm "the two of us"

See dvitIyAyAMca or yuvAvaudvivacane for the small details.

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

KAZIKA prathamAyAzca dvivacane parato bhASAyAM viSaye yuSmadasmadoH AkArAdezo bhavati. yuvAm. AvAm. prathamAyAH iti kim? yuvayoH. AvayoH. dvivacane iti kim? tvam. aham. yUyam. vayam. bhASAyAm iti kim? yuvaM vastrANi pIvasA vasAthe.

The "in the laukika" is necessary because the veda has yuvam Avam sometimes, as in yuvaM vastrANi pIvasA vasAthe "the robes which ye put on abound with fatness" Rgveda 1.152.01a.

279 letters. -- 72D.bse 85 -- popularity 3

866 Otherwise (/yuSmad- /asmad-) to /lopa.




(yoci) (!yo)

yo 'ci PANINIRULES 72089
( yuSmad- asmad- to) y before vowel ( sup that is not a replacement).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 865

Examples --

yuSmad- + TA → * yuSmay + A tvamAvekavacane tva + ay + A atoguNe tvayA "by you"

asmad- + TA → * asmay + A tvamAvekavacane ma + ay + A atoguNe mayA "by me"

tvayi

mayi

yuvayos

Avayos

This rule will not work before the sup that have been replaced. For instance, ekavacanasyaca replaces Gasi with at, so this rule will not work on that at, even though it starts with a vowel.

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

KAZIKA ajAdau vibhaktau anAdeze yuSmadasmadoH yakArAdezo bhavati. tvayA. mayA. tvayi. mayi. yuvayoH. AvayoH. aci iti kim? yuvAbhyAm. AvAbhyAm. yuSmadasmadoranAdeze ity atra yadi hali iti anuvartate, zakyamakartum aci iti etat? tat kriyate vispaSTArtham. an-Adeze ityeva. tvad gacchati. mad gacchati.

Rule yuSmad;asmadora explains what happens before consonant sup.

316 letters. -- 72D.bse 138 -- popularity 4

867 (!yuSm !asm to) !yuva !Ava when meaning two.

1185 /yuSmad- /asmad- with @third.




(zeSelopaH) (!zeSe)

zeSe lopaH PANINIRULES 72090
Otherwise ( yuSmad- asmad-) to lopa.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 866

The previous rules, such as prathamAyAzca, took care of the dual endings, and of all second third seventh. So this one will remove the d of the first fourth fifth sixth that are singular or plural --

yuSmad- + su → * yuSma- + su tvAhausau tvam

asmad- + bhyas → * asma- + bhyas bhyasobhyam asmabhyam

asmad- + sup' → * asma- + sup' yuSmad;asmadoranAdeze asmAsu "about us"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

257 letters. -- 72D.bse 162 -- popularity 12




(yuvAvaudvi) (!yuvA)

yuv'-Avau dvivacane PANINIRULES 72092
(yuSm asm to) yuva Ava when meaning two.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 867

There are exactly six examples:

yuSmad- + @second au zeSelopaH yuSma + au Geprathama yuSma + a + am → * yuva + a + am yuSmadasmadoSSa yuvA + a + am → .. → yuvAm "the two of two"

asmad- + @second au zeSelopaH asma + au Geprathama asma + a + am → * Ava + a + am yuSmadasmadoSSa AvA + a + am → .. → AvAm "the two of us"

yuvAbhyAm "with the two of you"

AvAbhyAm "with the two of us"

yuvayos "of the two of you"

Avayos "of the two of us"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

KAZIKA yuvAm. AvAm. maparyantasya iti kim? yuvakAm, AvakAm iti sAkackasya mA bhUt. tva-mAv ekavacane tvayA. mayA. maparyantasya iti kim? sarvasya mA bhUt. tathA ca sati tvamayorakArasya yo 'cIti yakAre kRte aniSTaM rUpaM syAt. mAntasya ityeva siddhe asmin yat parigrahaNaM kRtam, avadhidyotanArthaM tat. mAnte mA bhUt. kadA? yadA NyantayoH kvipi mAntatvaM vidyate yuSmadasmadoH. sthAnivattvaM ca Neratra kvau lutatvAn na vidyate. yuvAvau dvivacane

After first au, this rule does work all the same, but then the lengthening is not made by yuSmadasmadoSSa as shown above, but by prathamAyAzca. This way we always get yuvAm AvAm in the laukika, but the lengthening is optional in the veda, where yuvam Avam appear sometimes.

463 letters. -- 72D.bse 170 -- popularity 4

862 /yuSmad- /asmad- to (!A before a consonant /sup) that is not a @replacement.

863 (/yuSmad- /asmad- to !A) before @second.

1189 /yuSmad- /asmad- with @seventh.




(yUyavayau) (/yU)

yUya;vayau jasi PANINIRULES 72093
(yuSm asm to) yUya vaya before jas.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 868

So this rule changes yuSmad and asmad into yUya + ad, vaya + ad. The d drops by zeSelopaH, and one of the a by atoguNe, so, overall, yuSmad asmad turn into yUya, vaya. Only examples --

yuSmad- + jas → * yUya + jas Geprathama yUya + am atoguNe yUyam "y'all"

asmad- + jas → * vaya + jas → .. → vayam "we" ( same steps )

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

KAZIKA yuSmad-asmadoH maparyantasya jasi parato yUya vaya ity etAv Adezau bhavataH. yUyam. vayam. paramayUyam. paramavayam. atiyUyam. ativayam. tadantavidhir atra bhavati, aGgAdhikAre tasya ca taduttarapadasya ceti.

222 letters. -- 72D.bse 199 -- popularity 1

1183 /yuSmad- /asmad- with @first.




(tvAhausau) (/tvam)

tvAhau sau PANINIRULES 72094
Before su, (yuSm asm to) tva ahammmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 869

The only examples are tvam and aham --

yuSmad- + su zeSelopaH yuSma + su → * tva + a + su atoguNe tva + su Geprathama tva + am amipUrvaH tvamtvam "you"

asmad- + su Geprathama asmad + am zeSelopaH asma + am → * aha + a + am atoguNe aha + am atoguNe aham "I"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

KAZIKA yuSmadasmador maparyantasya sau pare tva aha ityetau Adezau bhavataH. tvam. aham. paramatvam. paramAham. atitvam. atyaham.

KAZIKA yuSmadasmador maparyantasya sau pare tva aha ityetau Adezau bhavataH. tvam. aham. paramatvam. paramAham. atitvam. atyaham.

130 letters. -- 72D.bse 212 -- popularity 6

872 Otherwise (!yuSm !asm to ) !tva !ma when meaning one person.

873 Before affix or @latter (!yuSm !asm to !tva !ma).

1183 /yuSmad- /asmad- with @first.

1323 /bhavatu- "your honor"




(tubhyamahyau) (/tub)

tubhya;mahyau Gayi PANINIRULES 72095
(yuSm asm to) tubhya mahya before Ge.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 870

Only examples --

yuSmad- + Ge Geprathama yuSmad + am → * tubhya + ad + am zeSelopaH tubhya + a + am → .. → tubhyam "to you"

asmad- + Ge → .. → mahyam "to me" ( same steps )

These tubhyam mahyam are found far less often than their optional replacements te'' me'' made by temayAvekavacanasya. But you can still use them to help your verses come up right --

bhartrA 'hamM prahitas tubhyaM rAmeNAkliSTakarmaNA "Your untiring husband rAma sent me to you."

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

335 letters. -- 72D.bse 266 -- popularity 4

872 Otherwise (!yuSm !asm to ) !tva !ma when meaning one person.

1186 /yuSmad- /asmad- with @fourth.




(tavamamau) (!tav)

tava;mamau Gasi PANINIRULES 72096
(yuSm asm to) tava mama before Gas.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 871

This makes tava and mama only --

yuSmad- + Gas → * tava + ad + Gas zeSelopaH tava + a + Gas yuSmad;asmadbhyAMGasoz tava + a + a atoguNe tava + a atoguNe tava "your, yours"

asmad- + Gasmama "my, mine" ( same steps )

Instead of tava mama, you may also say te'' me''.

Back to yuSmad- asmad- with sixth .

165 letters. -- 72D.bse 285 -- popularity 2




(tvamAveka) (/tvAm)

tva;mAv ekavacane PANINIRULES 72097
Otherwise (yuSm asm to ) tva ma when meaning one person.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 872

This rule only works when none of the above rules (such as tubhyamahyauGayi or tvAhausau) replaces yuSm asm with something else. Therefore there are only eight examples --

tvAm mAm tvayA mayA tvat mat tvayi mayi

Half of those in detail --

yuSmad- + TA yoci yuSmay + A → * tva + ay + A atoguNe tvayA "by you"

asmad- + TA yoci asmay + A → * ma + ay + A atoguNe mayA "by me"

yuSmad- + am Geprathama yuSmad + am dvitIyAyAMca yuSma + A + am → * tva + a + A + am → .. → tvAm "you"

asmad- + am → .. → mAm "me"

The rule also works when the yuSmad- asmad- means one and is latter in a compound, even if the whole compound is not singular --

atikrantAn mAmati + asmad- singular + zas → * atimad + zas tyadAdInA atima + zas → .. → atimAn "that have surpassed me"

See also next rule, pratyayo.

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

KAZIKA ekavacane ity artha-nirdezaH. ekavacane ye yuSmadasmadI ekArthAmidhAnaviSaye tayor maparyantasya sthAne tva ma ityetAvAdezau bhavataH. tvAm. mAm. tvayA. mayA. tvat. mat. tvayi. mayi. yadA samAse ekArthe yuSmadasmadI bhavataH, samAsArthasya tvanyasaGkhyatvAt dvivacanaM bahuvacanaM vA bhavati, tadApi tvamAv Adezau bhavataH. Adez%AntarANAM tu tvAhau sau 72094 ity evam AdInAM viSaye pUrva-vipratiSedhena te eveSyante. atikrAntaH tvAm atitvam. atyaham. atikrAntau tvAm atitvAm. atimAm. atikrAntAn tvAm atitvAn. atimAn. atikrAntAbhyAm tvAm atitvAbhyAm. atimAbhyAm. atikrAntaiH tvAm atitvAbhiH. atimAbhiH. ity evam-Ady udAhartavyam.

516 letters. -- 72D.bse 303 -- popularity 6

783 /Gasi (to !at after /yuSmad- /asmad-).

867 (!yuSm !asm to) !yuva !Ava when meaning two.

1018 (Optionally) replace /tvAm /mAm with /tvA'' /mA''.




(pratyayotta) (!pratyayo)

pratyay'-.ottarapadayoz ca PANINIRULES 72098
Before affix or latter (yuSm asm to tva ma).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 873

Before the affix cha --

asmad- singular + cha → * ma + ad + cha atoguNe mad + cha AyaneyI madIya- "mine"

yuSmad- + cha → * tva + ad + cha → .. → tvadIya- "yours" (same steps)

Before kyaG --

yuSmad- + kyaG + laT ta → * tvad + kyaG + ta Tita_A tvadyate "behaves like you"

Before a latter --

mama putraH SaSThI asmad + putra → * ma + ad + putra atoguNe madputra kharica matputra- "my son"

KAZIKA ekavacane ityanuvartate. pratyaye uttarapade ca parata ekavacane vartamAnayoH yusmad-asmador maparyantasya tva ma ityetAvAdezau bhavataH. tavAyaM tvadIyaH. madIyaH. atizayena tvam tvattaraH. mattaraH. tvAm icchati tvadyati. madyati. tvamivAcarati tvadyate. madyate. uttarapade tava putraH tvatputraH. matputraH. tvaM nAtho 'sya tvannAthaH. mannathaH. ekavacane ityeva, yuSmAkamidam yuSmadIyam. asmadIyam. yuSmAkaM putraH, asmAkaM putraH yuSmatputraH, asmatputraH. vibhaktau ityadhikArAt pUrvayogo vibhaktAveva. tato 'nyatra api pratyaye uttarapade ca yathA syAtityayam ArambhaH. nanu cAtrApyantarvartinI vibhaktirasti, tasyAm eva Adezau bhavisyataH? na evaM zakyam, lukA tasyA bhavitavyam. bahiraGgo luk, antaraGgau Adezau, prathamaM tau bhaviSyataH? etadeva tarhi AdezavacanaM jJApakam antaraGgAnapi vidhIn bahiraGgo 'pi luk bAdhate iti. tena gomAn priyo 'sya gomatpriyaH ityevam Adau numAdi lukA bAdhyate. evaM ca sati tvAhau sau ity evam Adayo 'pi pratyayottarpadayorAdezA na bhavanti. tvaM pradhAnam eSAM tvatpradhAnAH. matpradhAnAH. yUyaM putrA asya yuSmatputraH. asmatputraH tubhyaM hitaM tvaddhitam. maddhitam. tava putraH tvatputraH. matputraH. atha kimarthm eSAM tvAhAdInAM bAdhanArtham etan na vijJAyate? lakSyasthityapekSayA. jJApkArthe hyetasmin bahutaramiSTaM saGgRhyate.

214 letters. -- 72D2.bse 1 -- popularity 2

70 The {tyad}-class too (are /vRddha).

872 Otherwise (!yuSm !asm to ) !tva !ma when meaning one person.




(tricaturo) (!tri)

tri-caturoH striyAM tisR-catasR PANINIRULES 72099
feminine tri- catur- to tisR catasRmmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ M+ C+ 874

Examples --

tri- + jas OR zas → * tisR + as acira::RtaH tisr + astisras "three"

( RtoGi did not work before jas because of acira::RtaH)

tri f + Am → * tisR + AmtisR + nAm Natvam tisR + NAmtisRNAm

( nAmi did not work here because of exception natisRcatasR)

tisR + sup' kric tisRSu "in three"

tisRbhis "with three"

tisRbhyas "from three"

RnnebhyoGIp did not work on any of those, because of na SaT-svasr-AdibhyaH.

KAZIKA tri catur ity etayoH striyAM vartamAnayoH tisR catasR ityetAvAdezau bhavato vibhaktau parataH. tisraH. catasraH. tisRbhiH. catasRbhiH. striyAm iti kim? trayaH. catvAraH. trINiM. catvAri. striyAm iti ca etat tricaturoreva vizeSaNaM na aGgasya. tena yadA tricatuHzabdau striyAm, aGgaM tu liGgAntare, tadA 'py Adezau bhavata eva. priyAH tisro brAhmaNyo 'sya brAhmaNasya priyatisA brAhmaNaH. priyatisrau, priyatisraH. priyatisR brAhmaNakulam, priyatisRNI, priyatisRRNi. priyacatasA, priyacatasrau, priyacatasraH. priyacatasR, priyacatasRNI, priyacatasRRNi. nadyRtazca 5-4-153 iti samAsAnto na bhavati, vibhaktyAzrayatvena tisRbhAvasya bahiraGgalakSaNatvAt. yadA tu tricatuHzabdau liGgAntare, striyAm aGgam, tadA Adezau na bhavataH. priyAH trayo 'syAH, priyANi trINi vA asyAH brAhmaNyAH sA priyatriH. priyatrI, priyatrayaH. priyacatvA, priyacatvArau, priyacatvAraH. tisRbhAve saMjJAyAM kanyupasaGkhyAnaM kartavyam. tisRkA nAma grAmaH. catasaryAdyudAttanipAtanaM kartavyam. catastraH pazya ity atra caturaH zasi 61137 ityeSa svaro mA bhUt. catasRNAm ityatra tu SaTtricaturbhyo halAdiH 61179 ityeva svaro bhavati. halAdigrahaNasAmarthyAn nipAtanasvaro bAdhyate.

281 letters. -- 72D2.bse 20 -- popularity 7

790 /tri- to !traya (before /Am).

822 /catur- and /anaDuh- get /Am' (before @strong).




(aciraR) (!aci)

aci ra:: RtaH PANINIRULES 72100
R of tisR catasR to r before vowelmmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 875

Exception to prathamayo.

Examples --

tri- f + jas tricaturo tisR- + jas → * tisras f "three"

tri- f + zas tricaturo tisR- + zas → * tisras f "three"

KAZIKA tisR catasR ityetayoH RtaH sthAne rephAdezo bhavati ajAdau vibhaktau parataH. tisraH tiSThanti. tisraH pazya. catasraH tiSThanti. catasraH pazya. priyatisraH Anaya. priyAcatasraH Anaya. priyatisraH svam. priyacatasraH svam. priyatisri nidhehi. priyacatasri nirdhehi. pUrvasavarNottvaGisarvanAmasthAnaguNAnAm apavAdaH. paramapi GisarvanAmasthAnaguNaM pUrvavipratiSedhena bAdhate. aci iti kim? tisRbhiH. catasRbhiH. RtaH iti kim? tisR-catasroH pratipatty-artham, anyathA hi tad-apavAdaH tri-caturor eva ayam Adezo vijJAyeta.

81 letters. -- 72D2.bse 40 -- popularity 1




(tyadAdInA) (/tyadA)

tyad-AdInAm aH PANINIRULES 72102
tyadAdi to a (before vibhakti).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ M+ C+ 876

The tyadAdi are the eight pronoun nounbases --

tyad- tad- yad- etad-

idam- adas- eka- dvi-

This rule changes them into --

tya- ta- ya- eta-

ida- ada- eka- dva-

before all vibhakti. Examples:

tad- m + TA → * ta + TA TAGasi ta + inatena "by that one"

tad- m + am → * ta- + am amipUrvaH tam "him"

tad- f + am → * ta- f + amta- + Ap + amtAm "her"

tad- m + su → * ta- + su tadossa sa + ssas "he, that one"

Of course, all nounbases always get some vibhakti by GyApprA. They only end up vibhakti-less after such a rule as svamorna or supodhA luks the vibhakti off. In that case, this rule does not work --

tad- n + su svamorna tad "that"

tasya + puruSas supodhA tad- + puruSas kharica tatpuruSas "his man"

Or, if you prefer to explain things that way, this rule works always, but its effect on tad- is rolled back by svamorna and supodhA (because nalumatA says so) -

tad- n + su → * ta + su svamorna tad

tad- + Gas + puruSas → * ta + Gas + puruSas supodhA tad- + puruSas

See also kimaHka below.

KAZIKA tyadityevam AdInAm akArAdezo bhavati vibhaktau parataH. tyad syaH, tyau, tye. tad saH, tau, te. yad yaH, yau, ye. etad eSaH, etau, ete. idam ayam, imau, ime. adas asau, amU, amI. dvi dvau. dvAbhyAm. dviparyantAnAM tyadAdInAmatvamiSyate. iha na bhavati, bhavat bhavAn. saMjJopasarjanIbhUtAH tyadAdayaH pAThAdeva paryudastAH iti iha na bhavati, tyad, tyadau, tyadaH. atityad, atityadau, atityadaH. tyadAdipradhAne tu zabde bhavatyeva, paramasaH paramatau, parmate.

624 letters. -- 72D2.bse 69 -- popularity 37




(kimaHkaH) (!kima)

kimaH kaH PANINIRULES 72103
kim- to ka- (before vibhakti)mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 877

So, kim will behave as if it were azva- before all vibhakti --

kim- m + TA → * ka- + TA TAGasi ka + ina AdguNaH kena

kim- f + su → * ka- + su ajAdya kA- + s halGyA kA

Unless supodhA or svamorna luk the vibhakti off, or the vibhakti is Gi --

kim- n + su → * ka- + su svamorna kim

kim- + Gi kimot kim + a(t) kvAti kva + a atoguNe kva "in which place?, where?"

KAZIKA kim ity etasya kaH ityayam Adezo bhavati vibhaktau parataH. kaH, kau, ke. sAkackasya apy ayam Adezo bhavati, tena akAra eva kimo na vidhIyate kimo 't iti.

184 letters. -- 72D2.bse 185 -- popularity 4

54 Replacement is like original, except for letter-rules.

199 [@pronoun]s get @third too (with !hetu-)

876 /tyadAdi to !a (before /vibhakti).




(kutihoH) (!kut)

ku tihoH PANINIRULES 72104
( kim-) to ku (before vibhakti) before t h.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 878

As in --

kim- + Gasikim- + tasil → * kutas "from where?"

The tasil is optional, so we can still say kasmAt for "from where?".

The h in the sUtra catches the ha replacement made by vedic rule 53013 vAhacacchandasi, used in the vedic kuha --

kim- + Gasi vAhacacchandasi kim- + ha → * kuha "from where?"

As in Rgveda 10:129 --

kim AvarIvaH kuha kasya zarmann ambhaH kim AsId gahanaGM gabhIram

KAZIKA ta-kAr'-Adau ha-kAr'-Adau ca vibhaktau parataH kim ity etasya kv ity ayam Adezo bhavati. kutaH. kutra. kuha. tihoH iti: ikAraH uccAraNArthaH.

259 letters. -- 72D2.bse 190 -- popularity 3

521 (The /prAgdizIya) come after /kim-, @pronoun, /bahu-, but not after the [/dvi-]class.

523 (After the /kiMsarva, optionally) @seventh to /tral.




(kvAti) (!kvA)

kv/Ati PANINIRULES 72105
( kim- to) kva before a(t).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 879

a(t) is the replacement of Gi made by kimot above.

Only example --

kim- + Gi kimot kim + at → * kva + at atoguNe kva "where?"

KAZIKA atIty etasyAM vibhaktau parataH kim ity etasya kva ity ayam Adezo bhavati. kva gamiSyasi. kva bhokSyate. AdezAntara-vacanam orguNa nivRtty-artham. kimo Dvatiti pratyayAntaraM na vidhIyate, sAkackArtham.

72 letters. -- 72D2.bse 218 -- popularity 3

769 (After !a -ender @pronoun,) /Gasi /Gi to /smAt /smin.

877 /kim- to !ka- (before /vibhakti)




(tadossassA) (/sas)

tadoH saH sAv an-antyayoH PANINIRULES 72106
Nonfinal t d (of the tyadAdi) to s before su.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ M- C+ 880

This rule changes adas- tad- tyad- etad- into asas sad syad esad. There are exactly eight examples --

adas- m + su adasa::ausulopazca adau → * asau "that"

tyad- m + su !!tyadAdI tya + a + s → * sya + a + a → .. → syas "that"

tad- m + su !!tyadAdI ta + a + s → * sa + a + s atoguNe sas "that"

etad- m + su !!tyadAdI eta + s → * esas kric eSas "this"

( sas and eSas will sometimes become sa eSa by etattado.)

adas f + suasau "that" ( same steps as the masculine )

tyad f + su !!tyadAdI tya + a + s ajAdya tya + a + Ap + s → .. → syA "that"

tad f + su → .. → sA "that"

etad f + su → .. → eSA "this"

KAZIKA tyadAdInAM takAradakArayoH anantyayoH sakAr'-Adezo bhavati sau parataH. tyad syaH. tad saH. etad eSaH. adas asau. anantyayoH iti kim? he sa. sA.

299 letters. -- 72D2.bse 248 -- popularity 5

589 (@Short gets /tuk when in /saMhitA) before !ch.




(adasaau) (!adasa)

adasa:: au su-lopaz ca PANINIRULES 72107
adas- to au (before su), and trash the su.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 881

Exception to tyadAdInAmaH. Only one example --

adas mf + su → * ada + au vRddhireci adau tadoHsa asau m "that"

as in

asau hayaH "that horse"

asau hayI "that mare"

KAZIKA adasaH sau parataH sakArasya aukArAdezo bhavati sozca lopo bhavati. asau. autvapratiSedhaH sAkackAd vA vaktavyaH sAdutvaM ca. yadA ca autvapratiSedhaH tadA sakArAduttarasya utvaM bhavati. asukaH. asukau. uttarapadabhUtAnAM tyadAdInAm akRtasandhInAm AdezA vaktavyAH. paramAham. paramAyam. paramAnena. adasaH sorbhavedautvaM kiM sulopo vidhIyate. hrasvAl lupyeta sambuddhir na halaH prakRtaM hi tat. Apa etvaM bhavet tasmin na jhalItyanuvartanAt. pratyayasthAcca kAditvaM zIbhAvazca prasajyate.

Of course thiswon't work when adas- is neuter --

adas n + su svamor adas

as in

adaH phalam "that fruit"

172 letters. -- 72D2.bse 292 -- popularity 2




(idamomaH) (!ida)

idamo maH PANINIRULES 72108
idam- to m (before su).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 882

Exception to tyadAdInAmaH.

Only examples --

idam- f + su → * idam yaHsau iyam "this"

idam- m + su → * idam yaHsau iyam idoypuMsi ayam "this"

KAZIKA idamaH sau parataH makAro 'ntAdezo bhavati. iyam. ayam. idamo makArasya makAra-vacanaM tyadAdya-tva-bAdhan%Artham.

idamo makArasya makAra-vacananM tyadAdya-tva-bAdhan%Artham = replacing m with m makes this rule into an exception to tyadAdInAmaH.

The same trick is used in rule atom, which replaces am with am just to make svamorna not work. Same thing in kupvoKkaFpauca.

283 letters. -- 72D2.bse 317 -- popularity 1




(dazca) (!dazca)

daz ca PANINIRULES 72109
d (of idam- to m before all sup).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 883

So ida becomes ima.

As in --

idam- + am tyadAdInAmaH ida + a + am → * ima + a + am atoguNe ima + am amipUrvaH imam "this"

Because of exceptions, this rule will only work before au jas zas am.

There is an unrelated rule that sounds the same, daz ca x.

KAZIKA idamo dakArasya sthAne makArAdezo bhavati vibhaktau parataH. imau, ime. imam, imau, imAn.

150 letters. -- 72D2.bse 330 -- popularity 2

886 /idam- to !ana before /TA /os, provided there's no !k.




(yassau) (!yass)

yaH sau PANINIRULES 72110
(d of idam- to) y before su.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 884

This rule may be reworded into -- "masculine idam- with su makes iyam".

Only example --

idam- f + su idamomaH idam- + su → * iyam + su halGyA iyam f "this one"

KAZIKA idamo dakArasya yakArAdezo bhavati sau parataH. iyam. uttarasUtre puMsi iti vacanAt striyAmayaM yakAraH.

This rule won't work on the masculine because of the exception below, idoypuMsi.

161 letters. -- 72D2.bse 352 -- popularity 2




(idoypuMsi) (!ido)

ido 'y puMsi PANINIRULES 72111
id (of idam-) to ay (before su) when masculine.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ M- C+ 885

This rule may be reworded into -- "masculine idam- with su makes ayam".

Only example --

idam- m + su → * ayam "this one"

As in --

mUDho 'yam "this idiot"

KAZIKA idamaH idarUpasya puMsi sau parataH ayityayam Adezo bhavati. ayaM brAhmaNaH. puMsi iti kim? iyaM brAhmaNI.

104 letters. -- 72D2.bse 374 -- popularity 3

882 /idam- to !m (before /su).

884 (!d of /idam- to) !y before /su.




(anApyakaH) (!anA)

an' Apy akaH PANINIRULES 72112
idam- to ana before TA os, provided there's no k.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 886

Only examples --

idam- + TA → * ana + TA TAGasi ana + ina AdguNaH anena "with this, by this"

idam- + os → * ana + os osica ane + os ecoya anayos "of these two, in these two"

idam- f + TA → * ana + TA ajAdyataSTAp ana + Ap + TA yasyetica anA + TA AGicApaH ane + TAanayA "by this"

idam- mn + os → * ana + os → .. → anayos "of these two"

The exception "when it has no k" needs some 'splaining. idam- has k inside only when we are planning to add akac to it. In that case, this rule doesn't work, then dazca and other rules make imena and imayos, and those get the akac --

/idam + TA + akac tyadAdi ida + TA + akac dazca ima + TA + akac dazca imena + akac avyayasarva imakena "with this very one"

imayakos "of these very two"

KAZIKA idamaH akakArasya idrUpasya sthAne ana ityayam Adezo bhavati Api vibhaktau parataH. anena. anayoH. akaH iti kim? imakena. imakayoH. Api iti pratyAhAraH tRtIyaikavacanAt prabhRti supaH pakAreNa.

418 letters. -- 72D2.bse 415 -- popularity 1

765 Not after {k}-less /idam- /adas- .




(halilopaH) (!halil)

hali lopaH PANINIRULES 72113
Delete the na otherwise.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 887

In more words -- idam- becomes a- before all TAsup except TA and os.

idam- mn + Gas TAGasi idam + sya → * asya "of this"

idam- mn + bhis → * a + bhis bahuvacanejhalyet ebhis "with these"

ajAdyataSTAp works --

idam- f + Gas → * a + Gas ajAdya a + Ap + GasA + Gas sarvanAmnaHsyA asyAs "of this"

idam- f + bhis → * a + bhis ajAdya a + Ap + bhis akassa Abhis "with these"

190 letters. -- 72D2.bse 456 -- popularity 1

765 Not after {k}-less /idam- /adas- .
















72009 /iT rules ←

chunk 40: 72087 rules for /yuSmad- /asmad-

→ 72114 replacements before soft